Thermodynamics
Showing 19–27 of 69 results
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Air Flow and ThermodynamicsCross Flow Heat Exchanger (Water-to-Air)
The apparatus is for studying heat transfer from hot water to cross flow air such as in automobile radiator.
The unit consists of an air duct with outlet damper, an automotive radiator, an axial flow fan and a service module. The module provided hot water with transfer pump and control and measuring instruments.
TYPICAL EXPERIMENTS:- Determination of heat transfer from hot water to air by finned tubes
- Determination of heat transfer coefficient
- Effect of flow rate and temperature difference
(0 reviews) -
Air Flow and ThermodynamicsCyclone Separator
The equipment is for studying the principle of two phase flow using a centrifugal blower.
Powder material is fed by an agitator and a variable speed screw feeder to a Venturi tube. The material is carried by air in the tube to a cyclone where the velocity is reduced and the material is separated and dropped to the bottom.
Instruction manual is also included.
TYPICAL EXPERIMENTS- Velocity profile of air in the transfer tube using a travelling Pitot.
- Observation of material separation in the cyclone.
- Comparison of theoretical expression with test results for pressure loss and material collection efficiency at each air velocity.
TECHNICAL DATABlower: – Type Centrifugal blower – Maximum air flow rate Over 6 m3/min – Maximum pressure Over 180 mm water Speed control Inverter Cyclone Clear acrylic and discharge tube Accessories - Cyclone dust box
- Filter bag
- Stop watch
- Platform balance
- Beaker
Measuring instruments – Air flow Travelling Pitot with water manometer – Pressure Water manometer for measurement of pressure difference in the transfer tube and the cyclone Software for data display and analysis by computer (separately supplied). Power supply 220 V, 1 Ph, 50 Hz. Other power supply is available on request. (0 reviews) -
Air Flow and ThermodynamicsDemonstration Cooling Tower
This is a cooling tower demonstration unit.
Water is heated in the storage tank, pumped through a flow meter and sprayed at the top of the tower. The packing in the tower breaks the water into thin films and droplets. The water is cooled mainly by evaporation and drops to the bottom tank. Makeup water is admitted to the storage tank through a float valve. A small blower with a flow control valve is connected to the bottom tank, and air is driven upwards through the column and exhausted at the top.
Instrument are provided for measurement air flow rate, water flow rate, pressure drop across the cooling tower, temperature and moisture of the inlet and outlet air.
Instruction manual is also included.
TYPICAL EXPERIMENTS- Observation of water flow patterns and distribution.
- Measurement of water and air flow rates, temperatures and humidity.
- Application of steady flow equation to energy balance.
- Cooling tower performance at various air and water flow rates with different inlet water temperatures.
TECHNICAL DATAPacked column 150 mm x 150 mm x 600 mm high in transparent front cover with 100 m2/m3 plate packing Blower 1 ea. Hot water pump 1 ea. Heater 1500 W Storage tank Stainless steel Makeup water tank PVC Temperature control unit to limit hot water temperature to not more than 50๐C Measuring instruments – Humidity Portable hygrometer – Airflow rate Inlet orifice plate with inclined water manometer – Pressure drop Twin inclined water manometer (one for air flow rate) 0-450 mm x 1 mm graduation with multiple slope 1:10, 1:5, and 1:2 for pressure drop across the column – Water flow rate Variable area flow meter. – Sensors with digital display Temperature for water and air at inlets and outlets Software for data display and analysis by computer (separately supplied). Power supply 220 V, 1 Ph, 50Hz. Other power supply is available on request. (0 reviews) -
Air Flow and ThermodynamicsExhaust Gas Calorimeter
This is an exhaust gas-water heat exchanger for use with a multi cylinder engine.
The calorimeter consists of small vertical finned tubes enclosed in an insulated stainless steel chamber. Exhaust gas from the engine is connected to the calorimeter and flows around the finned tubes while cooling water flows inside the tubes. The chamber can be disassembled for finned tube cleaning. Instruments are provided for measurement of water flow rate, and temperatures of both exhaust gas and water. The unit requires an external water supply
Instruction manual is also included.
TYPICAL EXPERIMENTSDetermination of:
- Gas mass flow rate
- Heat carried away by the exhaust gas.
TECHNICAL DATAFinned tubes – Material Stainless steel. – Finned area 550 cm2. Cooling water flow measurement Rotameter. Sensors with digital display Temperatures for exhaust gas and cooling water at inlets and outlets. Software for data display and analysis by computer (separately supplied). Power supply 220V, 1 Ph, 50 Hz.Other power supply is available on request. (0 reviews) -
Air Flow and ThermodynamicsFlow Visualization Wind Tunnel
The apparatus is intended for visualization of stream lines flow around models.
The apparatus consists of a stilling entrance, a contraction section with air flow straighteners, a streamlines distributor, a viewing window, and a smoke generator.
Air flow is generated by a fan. The window has a black back ground and side lights are provided for better visualization of the streamlines. The stream lines are in a vertical pattern. Models are provided.
Instruction manual is also included.
TYPICAL EXPERIMENTS- Laminar and turbulence flow observation.
- Flow patterns around bodies.
- Boundary separation on bodies.
- Effects of angle of attack.
TECHNICAL DATAViewing window 180 x 250 mm Number of streamlines 18 Smoke generator 1 ea. with smoke fluid Models - 1 x Aerofoil NACA 0015 profile
- 1 x Cylinder
- 1 x Plate
- 1 x Automobile
Power supply 220V 1Ph 50 Hz. Other power supply is available on request. (0 reviews) -
Air Flow and ThermodynamicsFree and Forced Convection: Computer Interface
The unit is used for studying heat transfer by free and forced convection in a vertical duct.
A heating surface is attached to the middle of the duct. Three types of heating surfaces are available i.e. vertical flat plate, plate with cylinders, and finned plate. A front window is provided for visual observation of the heating surface. Air enters the duct at the bottom duct with flow straightener and escapes via the top. A fan is attached to the top of the duct to induce forced convection. Air velocity is measured by a thermal probe anemometer. Temperatures of hot surface and of air at different points in the duct are measured by thermocouples.
A service module provides power supply, heater control unit, and measuring instruments.
Instruction manual is also included.
TYPICAL EXPERIMENTS- Principles of free and forced convection.
- Heat transfer in flat plate, cylindrical and finned surfaces.
- Temperature distribution on cylindrical and finned surfaces.
- Outlet air temperature distribution.
- Determination of Reynold, Nusselt and Prandtl numbers.
- Calculations of heat transfer coefficient, efficiency and heat transfer rate.
TECHNICAL DATADuct – Cross section 120 x 120 mm Heater – Capacity 320 watts – Material Aluminium Heat transfer area of surfaces – Flat – Cylindrical – Finned Fan with speed control unit Maximum flow rate over 3.0 m3/min Measuring instruments – Sensors with digital display - Voltage and current of input power
- Temperatures of air inlet and outlet, heater and heated surface
Software for data display and analysis by computer (separately supplied). Power supply 220 V, 1 Ph, 50Hz. Other power supply is available on request. (0 reviews) -
Air Flow and ThermodynamicsHeat Conduction: Computer Interface
The unit consists of two parts: a multi section bar for linear heat conduction studies, and a metal disc for radial heat conduction studies.
- Linear Heat Conduction Unit.
- The unit has 3 sections which can be pressed tightly together. The first section is for heat input where a heater and three temperature sensors at 10 mm interval are installed. The center section has two temperature sensors at 20 mm interval. The last section is a heat sink section where cooling water and three temperature sensors at 10 mm interval are installed.
- The center section may be removed and replaced with a smaller heat conduction section or a different heat conduction material. Both replaced sections are without temperature sensors. Matching surfaces of the heat conduction section are accurately finished to minimize conduction resistance and a heat conducting compound may be applied to further reduce resistance. Thermal conductivity of an insulation material can be determined by inserting a thin insulating disc between two heat conduction surfaces.
- Radial Heat Conduction Unit.
- The unit consists of a brass disc heated at the center by a heater with cooling water circulating around the periphery. Six temperature sensors are placed along a radius.
- The metallic parts of both linear and radial heat conduction units are effectively insulated inside plastic casings.
- A service module provides power supply, heater control unit, and measuring instruments.
- The test unit requires outside water supply for cooling.
Instruction manual is also included.
TYPICAL EXPERIMENTS- Heat conduction along a simple bar.
- Heat conduction along a composite bar.
- Effect of cross section area.
- Radial heat conduction.
- Effect of surface contact.
- Effect of insulation.
TECHNICAL DATALinear heat conduction: – Heating section Brass with temperature sensors – Center section different diameter for brass and stainless steel. – Cooling section Brass with temperature sensors Radial heat conduction Brass with temperature sensors Heaters 2 ea. 120W with dimmer switches Sensors with digital display - Voltage and current for input power measurement
- Temperatures
Software for data display and analysis by computer (separately supplied). Power supply 220 V, 1 Ph, 50Hz. Other power supply is available on request. (0 reviews) -
Air Flow and ThermodynamicsIce Maker Test Rig
This table top refrigeration system is intended for studying ice making process.
The unit comprises a typical refrigeration system whereby a small ice maker is used for evaporator. Instruments are provided for measurement of pressures and temperatures.
Instruction manual is also included.
TYPICAL EXPERIMENTS- Familiarization with ice making system and components.
- P-h diagram.
- Coefficient of performance.
TECHNICAL DATAIce making unit 0.4 kg/h Refrigerant R134 Measuring instruments: − Pressure gauges 2 ea. − Sensors with digital display Temperature for compressor inlet and outlet, evaporator inlet, condenser outlet and ice/water in the ice tank Software for data display and analysis by computer (separately supplied). Power supply 220 V, 1 Ph, 50Hz. Other power supply is available on request. (0 reviews) -
AutomotiveIndustrial Diesel Test Bed
The test bed is intended for low speed, high torque industrial diesel engine.
The engine rests on its supports on a bed frame. The dynamometer can be either directly attached to the engine fly wheel or rests on its support and connected to the engine by a double universal joint with guard. Cooling of the engine and the dynamometer is by a cooling tower outside the engine room to minimize temperature rise. A thermo-static tank controls engine operating temperature. Engine throttle and dynamometer load control are by knobs.
Fuel tank and measuring instruments are in the engine room. Instrument panel with digital display and control buttons are in the control room.
Instruction manual is also included.
TYPICAL EXPERIMENTS- Torque vs engine speed at various throttle settings.
- Engine brake horsepower and efficiency vs speed.
- Specific fuel consumption.
TECHNICAL DATADynamometer: – Type Water brake absorber. – Maximum torque At 2500 rpm. over 3300 N-m or over 850 kW. – Maximum speed 7000 rpm. Cooling system : – Type Cooling tower with circulating pumps. – Capacity Depending on engine size. Thermostatic tank Engine operating temperature control. Measuring instruments: – Sensors with digital display - Torque
- Speed
- Fuel flow rate
- Power
- Temperature of cooling water at engine outlet, dynamometer inlet and outlet and ambient air.
Calibration devices – Torque Arm with calibration weights. – Fuel flow rate Graduated cylinder and stop watch. Safety features Low oil pressure warning lamp, and pump operation lamp. Software for data display, and analysis by computer (separately supplied). Power supply 380 V, 3 Ph, 50 Hz. Other power supply is available on request. (0 reviews)
